Heart Of Darkness :: essays research papers

Heart of Darkness 		Heart of Darkness, by Joseph Conrad is an anecdotal novel with a flood of imagery. All through the whole novel Conrad utilizes a plenty of basic hues, articles, and puts in request to explain complex implications. By doing this, Conrad can bait the peruser into a world dissimilar to their own: the Congo River, situated in focal Africa. Despite the fact that the translation of these images is so intricate, the effortlessness of each makes it fairly not entirely obvious. A couple of instances of the numerous images found in Conrad’s epic incorporate the wilderness, just as the shades of white and dark, otherwise called the shades of life and passing. 		In Heart of Darkness, the pictures of high contrast have the typical implications of malevolent and great. These shades are found all through the whole book. Incidentally, albeit dark, the local Africans appear to speak to a kind of good by doing what they feel is correct. Then again, the white outsiders convey themselves with an underhanded as they abuse the incredible graciousness of the blacks. I surmise you could state that the white men were loaded up with a dark contempt inside. Another model is discovered when Marlow enters the Belgian company’s office. Sitting in the workplace are two ladies dressed totally in dark. Marlow is no starting to comprehend the earnestness of the excursion he is going to make. Indeed, even his ancestor kicks the bucket in light of a fight about two dark hens. The use of dark is an excessive amount to deal with. Another model that I moreover recalled from the film was the means by which Kurtz’s pictures were constantly positioned inside a dull coal black back round. Another unexpected model is the proceeded with depiction of the white ivory. Its delightful white sparkle makes it look noble, despite the fact that it truly exhibits an extraordinary abhorrent as the elephants were being annihilated alongside others. 	Other hues were of significance too to genuinely comprehend the emblematic idea of the story. The plaid patches and trimmings on the Russian’s harlequin garments depict his ever-changing states of mind and silly, cheerful conduct. By just utilizing a depiction of garments, Conrad can give us how he will in general avoid issue with his get to know nature. The shading yellow will normally represent a type of debasement or rot. We originally read about yellow as it denotes the region of Congo on the guide in the Brussels office.

What function does the Joseph story cycle (Gen. 37-50) play within the Essay

What capacity does the Joseph story cycle (Gen. 37-50) play inside the Book of Genesis - Essay Example 1-2) †and favoring Jacob’s entire family, intentionally to at first, show the slow satisfaction of God’s guarantee made to Abraham: Presently the Lord had said unto Abram, Get thee out of thy nation, and from thy related, and from thy father’s house, unto a land that I will shew thee: And I will make of thee an incredible country, and I will favor thee, and make thy name extraordinary; and thou shalt be a gift: with the quantity of Abraham’s relatives developing and their impact expanding in a remote land (Mourna 2008, p. 5). The proceeding with story of the Patriarchs as God’s satisfaction of His guarantee is additionally accentuated as the Joseph Story closes (Redford 1970, p. 25), and as the Book of Exodus starts. What's more, that at last, that guarantee will be satisfied through a regal tradition that will spring from the relative of Judah (Alexander 1993, p. 255) as guaranteed by the interesting ancestry illustrated in the Book of Genesis starting from Adam to Jacob and his children (Alexander 1989, p. 5) (See outline that follows.) In this sense, not exclusively is the messianic prediction set up †that the Messiah will originate from the illustrious group of Judah †Indeed Jesus Christ is conceived from the Davidic Kingdom administered by King David, the grandson of Judah from his child Perez †(Gen. 49: 8-9): Judah, thou workmanship he whom thy brethren will laud; thy hand will be in the neck of thine foes; thy father’s kids will bow down before thee. Judah is a lion’s whelp; from the prey, my child, thou workmanship gone up: he stooped down, he framed as a lion, and as an old lion: who will awaken him up? yet additionally is the eschatological message: â€Å"The staff will not withdraw from Judah, nor a lawgiver from between his feet, until Shiloh come: and unto him will the social event of the individuals be† (Gen. 49: 10) (accentuation included), wherein the ‘scepter’ could be handily comprehended to mean rulership (Gunkel 1997, p. 456) of a King,

What Is a Detailed, Definite Essay Outline?

What Is a Detailed, Definite Essay Outline?If you want to get a good grade in a class, then you will need to prepare a comprehensive, descriptive essay outline. A descriptive essay outline is the backbone of any good essay. It is the first step in creating your theme for each paragraph in your essay.When writing a high school or college essay, your purpose is to convey information about a particular subject to your reader. Writing an essay like this is much different than writing a more formal paper. You must be able to write with clarity, grammar and coherence in order to give your readers the information they need to move forward in the essay.Your descriptive essay outline is the mechanism that your reader will use to read your essay. Without this part of your essay, your reader will not understand what you're trying to say and this is why you need to prepare a detailed descriptive essay outline for your students to follow.The first thing you need to do is develop a course descript ion. This will include your topic, examples from the course, and the timeframe you are covering. Once you have developed this outline, it is time to write down the details about your topic. Think about specific types of information, groups of people, the relevance of these types of information, and the reason why this information is important to the people in your audience.As students move through the grades, they will want to know why their teacher is grading them the way they are. With the descriptive essay outline, this is easy to do. It should include what specific things they can do to improve their academic performance.Next, you need to write out your main facts. Again, using examples from the curriculum, you need to include the type of information you are going to cover and the way you will provide it. You should also discuss the format of your essay, how it will look, and how the end product will look.Your descriptive essay outline should be designed around your idea, but yo u don't want to put too much content on your outline. You want to make sure that you leave room for the students to be able to freely express themselves. They need to be able to pick up on what is being said in your written content.All this work will pay off when you become a creative college writer. You will be so proud of yourself when you see what you accomplished with the help of a descriptive essay outline. When you create this outline for your own class, your student will be amazed at what you put together for them.

The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald - 1977 Words

â€Å"We live in a fantasy world, a world of illusion. The great task in life is to find reality†. (Iris Murdoch). How had Jay Gatsby left such an imprint on Nick’s life? Jay Gatsby’s greed and imagination had left his efforts blinded, from the undying need to win Daisy back. However, most people have surrounded themselves with respect on their ethics and morals. Gatsby along with the other citizens of the West and East Egg had constructed their lives around their philosophy and opinion of a good life. The 1920’s had been an era in which been corrupted by the American Dream. The American Dream had been the willing to want, that anyone could make material success, everlasting love, and political power, by hard work and dedication. The Roaring Twenties had created this irrelevant idea that the people could put up facades and mask what they truly were. In the novel The Great Gatsby, written by F. Scott Fitzgerald, tells a story of the depths and problems tha t surround wealth and the society of the West/East Egg. Gatsby was great because the idealism of wealth and the American Dream was great, however his intentions were tragically too idealistic, which ultimately caused his death. Jay Gatsby blinded by many materialistic needs, had been under the impression that life is stricken in a rewind of an illusion. The American Dream in the simplest way had been all but an illusion, an idea hidden under a spell. The true idea of the American Dream and achieving greatness had become anShow MoreRelatedThe Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald1393 Words   |  6 PagesF. Scott Fitzgerald was the model of the American image in the nineteen twenties. He had wealth, fame, a beautiful wife, and an adorable daughter; all seemed perfect. Beneath the gilded faà §ade, however, was an author who struggled with domestic and physical difficulties that plagued his personal life and career throughout its short span. This author helped to launch the theme that is so prevalent in his work; the human instinct to yearn for more, into the forefront of American literature, where itRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1343 Words   |  6 PagesHonors English 10 Shugart 18 Decemeber 2014 The Great Gatsby F. Scott Fitzgerald s 1925 novel The Great Gatsby is a tragic love story, a mystery, and a social commentary on American life. The Great Gatsby is about the lives of four wealthy characters observed by the narrator, Nick Carroway. Throughout the novel a mysterious man named Jay Gatsby throws immaculate parties every Saturday night in hope to impress his lost lover, Daisy Buchanan. Gatsby lives in a mansion on West Egg across from DaisyRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1155 Words   |  5 PagesThe Great Gatsby The Jazz Age was an era where everything and anything seemed possible. It started with the beginning of a new age with America coming out of World War I as the most powerful nation in the world (Novel reflections on, 2007). As a result, the nation soon faced a culture-shock of material prosperity during the 1920’s. Also known as the â€Å"roaring twenties†, it was a time where life consisted of prodigality and extravagant parties. Writing based on his personal experiences, author F. ScottRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1166 Words   |  5 Pagesin the Haze F. Scott Fitzgerald lived in a time that was characterized by an unbelievable lack of substance. After the tragedy and horrors of WWI, people were focused on anything that they could that would distract from the emptiness that had swallowed them. Tangible greed tied with extreme materialism left many, by the end of this time period, disenchanted. The usage of the literary theories of both Biographical and Historical lenses provide a unique interpretation of the Great Gatsby centered aroundRead MoreThe Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald845 Words   |  3 PagesIn F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel, The Great Gatsby, colors represent a variety of symbols that relate back to the American Dream. The dream of being pure, innocent and perfect is frequently associated with the reality of corruption, violence, and affairs. Gatsby’s desire for achieving the American Dream is sought for through corruption (Schneider). The American Dream in the 1920s was perceived as a desire of w ealth and social standings. Social class is represented through the East Egg, the WestRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald Essay970 Words   |  4 Pagesrespecting and valuing Fitzgerald work in the twenty-first century? Fitzgerald had a hard time to profiting from his writing, but he was not successful after his first novel. There are three major point of this essay are: the background history of Fitzgerald life, the comparisons between Fitzgerald and the Gatsby from his number one book in America The Great Gatsby, and the Fitzgerald got influences of behind the writing and being a writer. From childhood to adulthood, Fitzgerald faced many good andRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald2099 Words   |  9 Pagesauthor to mirror his life in his book. In his previous novels F. Scott Fitzgerald drew from his life experiences. He said that his next novel, The Great Gatsby, would be different. He said, â€Å"In my new novel I’m thrown directly on purely creative work† (F. Scott Fitzgerald). He did not realize or did not want it to appear that he was taking his own story and intertwining it within his new novel. In The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, he imitates his lifestyle through the Buchanan family to demonstrateRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1607 Words   |  7 Pages The Great Gatsby is an American novel written in 1925 by F. Scott Fitzgerald. One of the themes of the book is the American Dream. The American Dream is an idea in which Americans believe through hard work they can achieve success and prosperity in the free world. In F. Scott Fitzgerald s novel, The Great Gatsby, the American Dream leads to popularity, extreme jealousy and false happiness. Jay Gatsby’s recent fortune and wealthiness helped him earn a high social position and become one of the mostRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1592 Words   |  7 PagesMcGowan English 11A, Period 4 9 January 2014 The Great Gatsby Individuals who approach life with an optimistic mindset generally have their goals established as their main priority. Driven by ambition, they are determined to fulfill their desires; without reluctance. These strong-minded individuals refuse to be influenced by negative reinforcements, and rely on hope in order to achieve their dreams. As a man of persistence, the wealthy Jay Gatsby continuously strives to reclaim the love of hisRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1646 Words   |  7 PagesThe 1920s witnessed the death of the American Dream, a message immortalized in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby. Initially, the American Dream represented the outcome of American ideals, that everyone has the freedom and opportunity to achieve their dreams provided they perform honest hard work. During the 1920s, the United States experienced massive economic prosperity making the American Dream seem alive and strong. However, in Fitzgerald’s eyes, the new Am erican culture build around that

Types of Nonverbal Communication and Their Functions

Types of Nonverbal Communication and their functions A large percentage of meanings, approximately 65% of all communications, we derive from interactions is derived from the nonverbal cues that the other person gives. , Nonverbal communication is defined as messages expressed through symbols instead of words. It is non-linguistic. Nonverbal communications include gestures, eye contact, voice, touch, smell, facial expressions, proxemics, time and artifactics. Although there are many nonverbal cues, we are going to focus on the following five cues, facial expressions, gestures, eye contact, touch and voice, with examples, in this essay. And before we end, we will discuss how these nonverbal cues may transmit different meanings in†¦show more content†¦Through regulating, she is trying to encourage the guy to open up to her and to tell the guy that she is ready to take the relationship to the next level. Eye contact is an important nonverbal cue and it can indicate a range of emotions, including interest and hostility. The following pictures were taken during a morning assembly. In Picture 3.1, the discipline master is reprimanding a pupil, who did not follow the rules of silent reading. Rather he was disturbing the pupils around him who were trying to do their silent reading. Therefore, the DM is trying to ‘stun’ the pupil 1st by using prolonged eye gaze and it also defines the power and status of the DM over the pupil. Thus, it is most likely that the pupil will listen to the DM when the DM finally talks to him. Picture 3.2 shows a boy during the morning assembly performance. From his eye contact, it is obvious that he is very bored and uninterested in the performance. His eyes are also drooping and he has a ‘blank and dreamy’ look in his eyes. Pictures 3.1 and 3.2 show that eye contacts and gazes can be used to communicate disinterest, non-involvement, and it is a powerful nonverbal cue that can be used to substitute verbal messages with nonverbal cues. In picture 3.1, the Discipline master substituted his verbal communication with the intensity of his eye contact. The intensity and focus of the eyes of the DM on the student sends a message of angerShow MoreRelatedExamples Of Nonverbal Communication751 Words   |  4 PagesChapter 7 is about nonverbal communication message of Looking Out Looking In question asks to name three different types of nonverbal communication and give a real life example of each, then show which nonverbal function it serves and discuss the level of ambiguity that is present with each. Three types of nonverbal communication are gestures, touch, and time. The first nonverbal communication pattern listed is gestures, gestures are the movements of hands and arms. Gestures were one of theRead M oreThe Importance Of Nonverbal Communication1097 Words   |  5 PagesCommunication is defined as a system, in which individuals either verbally or non-verbally contribute to information and ideas. Nonverbal communication is a communication between individuals by means of sending and accepting wordless clues. It is a powerful tool for an individual to comprehend and utilize nonverbal communication, which can enable you to associate with others, express what you truly mean, and build better relationships. Nonverbal communication has a wonderful effect on the whole communicationRead MoreThe Importance Of Verbal And Non Verbal Communication1689 Words   |  7 Pagescan even determine the success of trade cooperation. Verbal communication is an essential and considerable part of the business negotiation; it is believe as the most crucial and direct means of communication. However, non-verbal communication, such as paralanguage, proxemics, kinesics, chronemics, oculesics, colorics and olfactics, can transfer information and emotion far more efficiency and actually. The study of nonverbal communication is very important, especially in cross-cultural backgroundRead MoreNonverbal Communication : The Method Of Encoding And Decoding1108 Words   |  5 PagesNonverbal communication consists of the method of encoding and decoding. Encoding is the act of producing the communication using gestures, facial expressions, and posture. Decoding is the process of receiving the information and how the individual processes that information based on their previous experiences. Culture plays a significant role that helps the way learning activities are organized. Nonverbal communication consists of visual cues such as kinesics, proxemics, paralanguage, and hapticsRead MoreEffective Communication Is Vital for Sucees in Professional, Corporate, and Academic Environments579 Words   |  3 PagesEffective communication skills are vital to success in professional, corporate, and academic environments. We are evaluated daily on our ability to communicate efficiently in interactions that take place at work, as well as in our personal lives. According to Faye and Jerry Wisner, communication is the process by which we verbally or nonverbally convey a message to another person or a group of people in a way that can be received and understood. The two types of communication found to be most effectiveRead MoreThe Role Of Non Verbal Communication On Intercultural Communication1411 Words   |  6 Pagescultural organisation,the intercultural communication has become more ligual and more significant than ever before (Wang, 2007). As an international langu age, English has played an prominent role in making the communication easy between two people with different cultural backgrounds. As a result, the EFL education has concluded the communicative sufficiency as one of the important goals of English as Foreign Language teaching. It seems that intercultural communication will be a successful, as long as theRead MoreThe Key Aspect Of Nonverbal Communication758 Words   |  4 PagesNonverbal Communication The key aspect for nonverbal is communication by expressing through nonlinguistic means, there are various types of nonverbal communication in which I will explain what is proxemics, kinesics, and paralanguage. Proxemics- means interpersonal and personal space. The concept was created in 1963 by E. Hall referred by Linguistic Anthropologist. There four interpersonal distance zones that were developed in 1969 by E. Hall such as: intimate, personal, social, and public. CounselorRead MoreCommination Between Individuals Includes The Actual Spoken973 Words   |  4 PagesCommination between individuals includes the actual spoken words, language, and dialogue between the individuals, known as verbal communication. One of the primary functions of language is to express imagination and creativity. This function is essential to our ability to image endless possibilities and create the things around us. According to Bevan and Sole (2014), our use of symbols to represent physical objects, ideas, and emotions gives us the capacity to build cities, to make laws, and to createRead MoreAdvantages and Disadvantages of Nonverbal Communication in School1661 Words   |  7 Pagesand Disadvantages of Nonve rbal communication in School is an important topic to be learned by human beings. This paper explores various techniques that can be utilized to manage conflict in the workplace. Advantages and Disadvantages of Nonverbal Communication in School Introduction â€Å"People cannot live without each other, we are social beings† (Marwijk). Students from different levels and cultures love to hang out with each other thus using different nonverbal communication which may build or breakRead More3.1 Briefly Describe Each Of The Functions Of Nonverbal1435 Words   |  6 Pagesof the functions of nonverbal communication given in the text. Nonverbal communication function to repeat, conflict, accent or moderate, encourage, substitute and compliment. Nonverbal communication can simply what was said verbally. Nonverbal signals can be contradictory the verbal message for example when a person is lying or scared. Nonverbal communication can complement verbal communication usually decoding the message more accurately. As a substitute for verbal communication, nonverbal communication

Tuesdays With Morrie Essay - 1111 Words

Why me? What did I do to deserve this? Cries of despair by self-righteous, egotistical(for that moment) individuals. Questioning why is this horrible thing happepppning to them, the thing they said never could or would . Death, a very intimidating subject. Most of us put it off ,we know its something that happens to everyone and somehow continue tolive like its not going to happen to us. When that moment finally gets here they say you have that flashback of your life and how you lived it. Including things such as important people, mistakes you made, things left undone or words left unsaid guilt, regret etc. The aim of this story Tuesdays With Morrie, by Mitch Albom is to encourage the individual to live a†¦show more content†¦A few of the aphorisms from the novel that stick out,â€Å"Love each other or perish.†, â€Å"You are not a wave you are part of the ocean.†, â€Å"love wins, love always wins.†, â€Å"Dying is only one thing to be sad over, living unhappily is something else.†. This first one â€Å"Love each other or perish† shows the audience how it is that we love one another, and that if we fail to, we too will fail. â€Å"You are not a wave you are part of the ocean†, this aphorism expresses how Morrie felt in the spiritual sense, he realized that the world is so much bigger then just him, instead that we are all one. â€Å"Love wins, love always wins.† Simply reinforces to the audience the importance of loving one another. â€Å"Dying is only one thing to be sad over, living unhappily is something else.† shows the reader Morries opinion on why people do have so many regrets and things they wish they would have done, they live a life their not satisfied with because they think they have too, focusing on materialistic things, money, cars, clothes etc. In the book Morrie elaborates that things arent true happiness their just replacements for true happiness, which comes from things such as love, knowledge etc. Flashbacks serve a huge role in this story, they allow us to get a betterShow MoreRelatedSummary of Tuesdays with Morrie Essay978 Words   |  4 PagesSummary of Tuesdays with Morrie Tuesdays with Morrie, is a look a man dying from a terminal illness and how he chose to deal with his prognosis. The book was written by Morrie Schwartz’s former student, Mitch Albom. Mitch was busy with his career, but one night while watching Nightline in 1995, he rediscovered his old professor, dying with Lou Gehrig’s disease. Lou Gehrig’s disease is also known as ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosisis). ALS is a fatal degenerative disease of the nervous systemRead More Tuesdays with Morrie and A child called it Essay1212 Words   |  5 PagesTuesdays with Morrie and A child called it In life, we must all ask the question as to whether or not we have love in our lives. It is of great importance that we analyze the way we live and determine if love is ubiquitous within us. Throughout the stories of Tuesdays with Morrie and A child called it, we are given a thematic concept that true happiness is only attained through the love and caring of others, as well as that of yourself. This connecting theme from both novels is exemplified throughRead MoreFriday s With Morrie By Mitch Albom Essay1701 Words   |  7 PagesTuesday’s with Morrie by Mitch Albom is a wonderful book that focuses on the struggle life and how to lead through them. Morrie, once a lively professor at Brandeis University, now suffers from ALS. This incurable disease begins to suck the ability to do the things he loves, and soon confines him to the quiet rooms of his house. Mitch, a favorite student of his, comes back upon hearing the news and the two continue to discuss the true meanings of life and how to effectively uphold one’s characterRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Production That I Went By Jeffery Hatcher And Mitch Albom 932 Words   |  4 Pagesproduction that I went to see was called Tuesday’s with Morrie. The play was written by Jeffery Hatcher and Mitch Albom. Elaine Morehead directed the play. This play was about a former college student, Mitch, and his professor, Mor rie. Mitch was played by Ben Daniel and Morrie was played by Ronald Jebaily. Mitch and Morrie had a very close relationship when Mitch was Morrie’s student so much so that Mitch called Morrie â€Å"coach†. When Mitch graduated he promised Morrie he would stay in touch but life gotRead MoreThe Social Gerontology Textbook Was Great Supplemental Tool917 Words   |  4 PagesThe book Tuesdays with Morrie and how it relates to the Social Gerontology textbook was great supplemental tool. Tuesdays with Morrie also was enlightening to read during our group service learning project at the Amistad Nursing and Rehabilitation Center. The two sources and the group service learning project were educational, emotional, and experiencing. Gerontology, the study of the biological, psychological, and social aspects of aging (Hooyman Kiyak, 2011). Aging is a process of life thatRead MoreSummary Of Tuesdays With Morrie1487 Words   |  6 PagesTuesdays with Morrie was awakening, yet, heartbreaking and I couldn’t put the book down. It was a story of friendship that turned to love, a story of family, a story of trust, and a story of death. As I read each page, I felt closer to Morrie Schwartz as if I knew him personally. Morrie, the main character in the book, was a kind, sensitive soul. He believed in humanity, and enjoyed sharing his wisdom with others. As a sociology professor at Brandeis University he taught and mentored many studentRead MoreWhat Would Be A Great Deal Of End Of Life Planning872 Words   |  4 PagesFor All Eternity.† If I were to die in the near future I would want my epitaph to read, â€Å"Always and Forever. To the moon and back.† My mom and I always tell each other we love one another to the moon and back so I think that would be very fitting. Morrie decided that he wanted his tombstone to read â€Å"A Teacher to the Last† (134). 5. Has she/he thought of end of life planning (e.g. advanced directives)? You? â€Å"I have thought a great deal of end of life planning. Especially since everything that hasRead MoreMorrie Character Analysis786 Words   |  4 Pageswhen does Morrie experience any of Kubler-Ross’s five stages of greif? Name at least two examples and explain what stage It is. †¢ Before everyone wakes up, Morrie gets angry and bitter about his ALS. He asks where the fairness is, and cries in disbelief. This is an example of the anger stage of the Kubler-Ross cycle, where an individual will experience frustration and irritation. †¢ Morrie told Mitch that â€Å"When you’re in bed, you’re dying† this was his way of bargaining. As long as Morrie wasn’t inRead MoreTuesdays with Morrie Essay1074 Words   |  5 PagesCameron, discuss how effectively Mitch Albom, author of Tuesdays with Morrie, uses plot and story, character development, point of view, theme, and symbols to convey his mesage. Include your personal thoughts and views, as well as textual references, to support your opinions. In Mitch Albom’s Tuesday’s with Morrie, Albom detailed his personal experiences with his professor Morrie Schwartz. Mitch also expressed how influential Morrie was to his friends, relatives, patients, and coworkers. Within thisRead MoreLessons From Tuesdays With Morrie. To Be Happy In Life,1196 Words   |  5 PagesLessons from Tuesdays With Morrie To be happy in life, live the way you want, with dignity, courage, humor, and composure. In â€Å"Tuesdays With Morrie† Professor Morris â€Å"Morrie† Schwartz taught that lesson every single day of his life up until his death. Even the threat of death does not mean that you stop living with compassion, love, and energy. Morrie’s story and the way he taught Mitch is a perfect example of psychology in real life, taught by two people who are very talented in the subject of sociology

Media Journal Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples

Question: Discuss about theMedia Journalfor Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples. Answer: Media Journal- Current Indigenous Health and Well- being issues in Australia: Alcohol Abuse amongst the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples Introduction: According to Dudgeon, Milroy Walker, (2014) the Indigenous Australians are not only a single group of people. There are two main groups, the Aboriginals and the Torres Strait Islanders. These both twoave their own different thoughts, ideas and beliefs. The indigenous people of Australia have developed the highest rate of ill- health and health related issues than any other racial groups of Australia (Kingsley, Townsend Henderson-Wilson, 2013). As The Australian Bureau of Statistics has surveyed it, it has been seen that there are around 477,000 indigenous people in Australia. Indigenous peoples are the group of the Australian community who are not financially and economically as well equipped as the non indigenous people of Australia(Lovett et al., 2014) A non-Indigenous Australian is estimated to live around a lifespan of 80 years, however, in the case of the Indigenous Australian, the life span is 70 years or even less (Dingwall et al., 2015). The issues regarding the health of the indigenous people are a common issue in Australia. The Indigenous people of Australia have twice the health related issues than the ordinary Australians and have 1.5 times more health issues related to disability and long- term health problems (Parker et al., 2014). The main health issues as seen in the Indigenous people are the rheumatic heart diseases, respiratory diseases, renal failure, mental disorder, bulging and incapability of the ear drum and others (Gibson-Helm et al., 2016). The main factors that may be held responsible for such conditions of the Aboriginals are the substance and alcohol abuse and poor arrangements for health services. As mentioned by Markwick et al., (2014) the consumption of alcohol, tobacco and drugs has been widely used by the Aboriginals and the Torres Strait Islanders and non- Indigenous Australians. However, the rate of consumption is very high in the case of the Indigenous than the non- Indigenous (Ramamoorthi et al., 2015). In this particular media portfolio, four articles on the topic of alcohol abuse amongst the Aboriginals and the Torres Strait Islander peoples. The main source of information in the developed countries and societies is the mass media. For each of the media item given in this study, an analysis has been presented in the context to it. The key issues have been highlighted, its contribution to the currently chosen topics has been discussed and their links with the model and the approaches that are available on the topic have been shown. Article 1- Alcohol abuse behind high rates of early death among Indigenous, study finds https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2015/feb/20/alcohol-abuse-behind-high-rates-of-early-death-among-indigenous-study-finds Key Points and their Analysis: The current article on the alcohol abuse behind the early death rates among the Indigenous people of Australia was published in The Guardian. This article deals with the alcohol misuse and the alcohol consuming habit of the indigenous people of Australia. In the year 2015, according to a researcher, it has been mentioned that there are fewer indigenous people who consume alcohol than the non- indigenous people in Australia. However, among the aboriginal people who drink, they drank at a risky level and the excessive consumption of alcohol is associated with health related problems and social problems. It leads to liver diseases, heart diseases, diabetics, cancer and different other long term diseases. However, at times it also contributes to the injuries, accidents and at times deaths and suicide. It has also been estimated that the harms that is caused by alcohol holds for about 5.4% of the total disease and injuries among the indigenous people. How this Article Contributes to the Current Discussion: This particular study is on current health issues and the well-being of the indigenous people and the impacts of the alcohol abuse amongst the indigenous people and the Torres Strait Islander. This article shows the impact of the consuming of alcohol on the health and the lives of the aboriginal people of Australia. The indigenous people due to several mental and physical pressure and reasons are inclined more towards the consumption of high amount of alcohol.This habit leads them towards several health issues such as lung problems, foetal problems and others and finally death. To control these, the government has established many laws restricting the sale of the alcohol and purchase of the alcohol by the indigenous people. Different region were created Dry region or the Restricted regions where the sale, purchase or drinking of alcohol was prohibited by the means of laws. However, these restrictions were of limited effectiveness in overcoming the desire of alcohols in the indigenous people. The non- indigenous used to sell alcohol illegally to the indigenous people at a higher rate to make profit. Links to Model and Approaches: From the estimation of the survey that was done by the National Drug Strategy Household Services in the year 2015, it was found that out of the total 67% Aboriginals over the age of 14 years have consumed alcohol in the past 12 months. From this percentage of alcohol consumers, about 20%, including 17% men and 13% women, consume alcohol at a very high risk level (Stevens, Paradies, 2014). As mentioned by Doyle et al. (2015) social exclusion is the limitation of capabilities and prohibition to access the opportunities. However, it could not be termed as inadequate amount of economic resources or as deprivation of the social necessities. It is actually about the insufficient participation and connectedness with the generals mass (Garcia et al., 2016). The Aboriginals and the Torres Islanders could also be linked with this as they also lack in the connecting and participating with the common population of Australia. On the hand, as mentioned by Jayaraj et al. (2012) the social inclusio n that is the opportunities to participate, connection with the society a have rights of being heard needs to be implemented in the case of the indigenous people. This would provide the Indigenous group to come forward and connect with the rest of the population of the society. This would provide them with chances of getting employment and economic equipped in the general society as well (Marel, MacLean, Midford, 2015). Personal Reflection on this Issue: From the personal point of view, from this article I have gained knowledge about the issue of early death rates of the indigenous people due to high level consuming of alcohol. However, apart from this, I have also earned knowledge about the reason behind the imprisonment of the Aboriginals. The dry zones, areas that banned the consumption of alcohol in the region, were made as to control the drinking habits of the indigenous people however they were still caught drinking in such areas and fined heavily and the indigenous people unable to pay the fine, they end up in the jails. From this we can understand the level of addiction and dependency of the indigenous people to consume alcohol. Article 2- Aboriginal people and alcohol: Not predisposition https://www.cbc.ca/news/aboriginal/aboriginal-people-and-alcohol-not-a-genetic-predisposition-1.2660167 Key Points and their Analysis: This particular article on the predisposition for alcohol by the indigenous people has been published in the CBC News. This article is from Canada and this is being used in this research study to show that the Aboriginal health and alcohol issues is now not only concentrated within the Australia, the other countries are also presenting their view on this. This articles does not only speaks about the effects and the diseases that are caused due to high level of alcohol consumption in the Aboriginal communities but also about the reasons and the sources because of which the there is such high rate of alcohol consuming amongst the indigenous people of both Aboriginal and the Torres Strait Islanders. There is stereotype belief that the indigenous people have a genetic attraction towards the consumption of alcohol. However, this is not true says Dr. Joel Ketter, an associate professor at University of Manitobas faculty. He is also a former chief public health officer of the province. Dr. Ketter states that the intolerance in the indigenous people for the alcohol persists is not genetics or in their blood but this alcoholism is the result of different social and mental conditions. The belief insists on the genetics for such habituate of the Aboriginals however, there is no scientific proof that would support the belief of genetic predisposition for alcohol intolerance of the Indigenous people. Although there will always be some or the theory presented on the topic in the favour of the genetics. DR. Kettner identifies main reason behind the alcohol consumption of the indigenous to be poverty, the social circumstances, the social conditions and others. How this Article Contributes to the Current Discussion: This study is about the effects of the alcohol abuse on the health and the society of the indigenous people of Australia and this article mainly emphasises on the reasons behind such high alcohol consumption level of the indigenous society. The article reveals that the reason behind the alcohol consuming habit of the indigenous people is not due to genetic, the main reason is the poverty, social and the mental pressure through which the aboriginal people have to go through. Although this article directly does not helps in analysing the effects of alcohol on the indigenous people, it still provides its contribution in this study as without knowing the roots of the problem, the results could not be discussed. The study reveals the facts due to which the indigenous people are exposed to these habits of high level of alcohol consumption. The articles shows that the problem such as the poor housing, poverty level and the oppressing of the indigenous community are the main reasons due to w hich the indigenous people are getting more inclining towards the alcoholism. These are the sectors that need to be worked on in order to reduce the number of alcohol abuse in the indigenous society. Links to Model and Approaches: The indigenous people of Australia as mentioned above face the issue regarding the health and mortality twice the normal or the non- indigenous people of Australia. According to Brett et al., (2015), this inequality in the health status the two communities are unavoidable. These inequalities in the health status of the indigenous and the non indigenous people are because of the inequality in the society of the two communities (Gubhaju et al., 2013). As mentioned by Lee et al., (2014) the lifestyle that both the societies live in has a major impact on the health of the people of the society. The indigenous community is considered to be the most backward community in Australia. However, the other communities have modernized (Campbell et al., (2013). As both the societies are not equally developed and advanced and the indigenous people do not have the same employment, education and other opportunities for the non indigenous people (Parker Milroy, 2014). The different social factors th at operate within the society include the family disputes, local or regional disputes, unemployment, poverty, stress and other factors are the main factors that lead the indigenous people in this path of alcoholism and mortality (Cussen, Payne Marks, 2014). Personal Reflection on this Issue: The personal view on this article would that be that the alcohol consuming habit of the indigenous people should be lowered as consequences can be adverse. The reasons identified varied with different social and cultural norms of the societies of the indigenous people. According to my perception, the basic idea is that alcohol predisposition is that the people have an inclination towards alcohol irrespective of genetic factors. The main reason that drivers alcohol intake in aboriginal population is poverty and the living standard accompanied by many different factors too. This study has helped to come over the stereotype belief earlier that the aborigines and the Torres Strait Islanders have a genetic problem that prepositions them for consuming alcohol. However, as per mu understanding alcohol consumption is primarily due to pressures created by society as well as nature of alcohol that creates a sense of tolerance. Drinking to die in Aboriginal communities, says Sharman Stone https://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/indigenous/drinking-to-die-in-aboriginal-communities-says-sharman-stone/news-story/d4fa18fbf02e4b890351d72d4507c5b4 Key Points and their Analysis: This article has been published in The Australian. The main key point of this article is drinking to die- the Aboriginal people were consuming excessive alcohols in order to die. As stated in the article Liberal MP Sharman Joshi, the Chairwoman of the Housing Standing Committee on Indigenous Communities has heard in some research that many of the indigenous people were consuming excess of alcohol purposely. The Indigenous of the region were drinking excessive amount of alcohol to die so that they could get rid of the deep feeling of helplessness of the racism, backwardness and boredom of their society. This high amount of alcohol consumption had its consequences as poor health situation and its long-term affect, high incarceration rate, disability and mental problems. This article has also focused on the other issues that are also caused due to alcohol consumption in the Indigenous people. Other such issues include the fetal alcohol syndrome and fetal alcohol spectrum disorder which at its peak in the case of the Aboriginals and the Torres Strait Islanders. Due to this disorder the new generation of children that are born would face brain damage issues and this would not let them to lead a normal life. Lights have also been given on the facts that there are many indigenous communities where alcohol is sold at rates that are even cheaper than the bottled packaged water. There had been many attempts from the government to stop this always ready supply of alcohol and creation of the dry regions. However, this has not been of any help to reduce the issue. How this Article Contributes to the Current Discussion: This article approaches the specific topic through incorporation of tax on liquor so to reduce harm to the indigenous people as the supply is driving the demand. This article also tells about the different other harmful issue that can be highlighted as the social and economic determinants as poverty, mental health, unemployment, grief and loss experience, boredom, ease of access, acceptance by culture on drunkenness and alcohol cost are the primary factors for incessant consumption of alcohol. The fetal alcohol syndrome and fetal alcohol spectrum disorder are major problems that are also seen in the indigenous people. However, self killing due to alcohol consumption is the result of social causes practised by indigenous people. Links to Model and Approaches: The links and model are highlighted by the supply and demand of alcohol in Australia in aboriginal communities. The demand of alcohol has been seen growing due to availability. However, as said by Sharman Stone, manipulating the supply would not be enough as there is social discomfort as well as boredom in the communities (Martin, 2015). Moreover, if the health outcomes like diabetics, liver disorders, heart diseases, respiratory problems and in some cases even cancer are highlighted then also a person consumes it. Apart from this natural consequences there are also other consequences such as accident and injuries due to it, harms to the community and own family. Scott (2015) mentions excess alcohol drinking by a woman when she is pregnant would cause her unborn child with fetal alcohol syndrome and fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. This is followed by physical and behavioural disorders, learning problems and some mental disorders and brain damage issues that are caused to the unborn baby due to alcohol consumption by the mother during her pregnancy (Davis et al., 2015). Personal Reflection on this Issue: As per my consideration, aboriginal communities have to face atrocities and as they cannot handle the social problems, they resort to drinking alcohol. Moreover, excessive drinking has been leading to death as alcohol is readily available and the supply is able to meet the demand. Therefore, it enlightens the fact that the indigenous people are aware of the consequences and the effects of drinking such high amount of alcohol but they drink it purposely. According to indigenous people, they feel they are the most backward community in Australia and are depressed about this social disadvantages and the racial discrimination that they have to suffer. The Australian kids unlikely to ever the age of 69 https://www.news.com.au/lifestyle/health/health-problems/the-australian-kids-unlikely-to-ever-grow-old-beyond-the-age-of-69/news-story/9c3eea372f4e22aad60782923917730e Key Points and their Analysis: The present article was published in News.com.au and it put alight of the average life span inequality of the indigenous and the non- indigenous people. The average lifespan of a normal Australian is 79 for males and 83 for females and that for the indigenous males and females it is 69 and 73 respectively. There is almost a 10 years gap between lifespan of the two communities. However, many of the indigenous die even before reaching the estimated age. Although out of the total 23 million population of Australia, the indigenous people make about 3% of the population that is around 470,000 still they are not provided with good education system, professional health solutions and proper health services and facilities. Drugs and alcohol abuse also ahs its devastating impact on this community. In fact, the alcohol abuse has been identified one of the key problem of this region. There is also child mortality problem in the region, which is also an impact of alcohol abuse by the women of the society. The violence and catastrophe that has been created due to the alcohol and drug abuse in the region is also a great advantage in the process of reducing the alcohol consequences in the indigenous community. How this Article Contributes to the Current Discussion: The current discussion on alcohol and drug usage in Australian population has been incorporated due to the problems faced by aboriginal communities because of high intake of alcohol. As a result, Palin (2016), is of the view that this is directly affecting the average lifespan of the indigenous Australians. Although, the media is highlighting the different implementations undertaken by the government but there is no certain change. Moreover, these communities constitute of prison population, which shows that incarceration rate has been rising with rising death rates as well as alcohol drinkers in aboriginal population of Australia. Links to Model and Approaches: The model that this article links is with average expectancy rate of the aboriginal communities of Australia. Moreover, this has been supported by Brett et al. (2015) which depicts that the indigenous Australian communities are in an increasing phenomenon of dying faster than the non- indigenous Australian dies. This happens because of the high level of alcohol consumption issue in the community. In addition, the average lifespan has been compared with the death rates for the indigenous people, which are growing and are around 5- 19 times more than that of the non- indigenous people. However, various health issues lower average lifespan of the individual as well due to rise in alcohol consumption. As shown by Doolan et al. (2013), the alcohol is responsible for suicides among these communities accounts for almost 40% of the male and 30% of the female suicides. Personal Reflection on this Issue: According to my personal concern, the alcohol and drugs has a devastating impact on the original inhabitants of Australia. The increasing death rates of aboriginal communities is calling for concern, which is guided by the government in taking steps for reducing the early death rates in the indigenous society. However, through different approaches and models government is trying to take active measure in eliminating racism and other social issues so that the communities can survive and as a result, the death rates will decrease in long run. Conclusion: From the analysing of the above articles the level, reasons and the consequences of alcohol abuse among the indigenous people of both the Aboriginals and the Torres Strait Islanders. There are different fatal and life risking consequences of the alcohol abuse in the community of the indigenous. The summary of the article and the main issues and points in the articles are discussed in the key points and analysis part of the study. The contribution to this study holds the reasons of how the current articles contribute to the chosen topic. The links to the approaches and the model supports the article by linking them to the different models, theories and models on the topic. However, the personal reflection part shows the knowledge gained by the researcher from the articles and the viewpoint of the researcher on the current topic. Reference: Brett, J., Ivers, R., Doyle, M., Lawrence, L., Conigrave, K. (2015). Should naltrexone be the first-line medicine to treat alcohol dependence in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations? An Australian perspective.Australian family physician,44(11), 815. Brett, J., Lee, K. S., Gray, D., Wilson, S., Freeburn, B., Harrison, K., Conigrave, K. (2015). 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